Some Questions About Democracy


(An old but unpublished piece from my archives. Fresh content, er, sometime.)

One

  • Who should be allowed to vote?
  • Does it matter to your answer that most of the Framers thought women could be citizens without being able to vote?
  • Does it matter to your answer that most the authors of the Fifteenth Amendment thought that blacks should be able to vote, but not otherwise be fully equal to whites?
  • At what age should children be able to vote?
  • Should seniors be able to vote?
  • The senile?
  • Others with severe mental dysfunctions?
  • Convicted felons?
  • Should you be able to renounce the right to vote?
  • How long should recent immigrants have to wait before being able to vote?
  • Does it bother you that residents of Washington, D.C. aren't represented in Congress?
  • People out of the country on Election Day -- yes or no?

Two

  • How hard should it be to vote?
  • Is it good enough to have a polling place every ten square blocks?
  • Every hundred?
  • Every thousand?
  • How long a line is acceptable?
  • Should we keep the polls open for a week to give people more chances?
  • Should you be able to vote online, or is it better to have to make some effort, so that decisions are more deliberate?
  • Do you think the butterfly ballots?
  • If you think there is something wrong with the butterly ballot, what should we do about it now?
  • Should hanging chads have been counted as votes?
  • Dimpled chads?
  • If it came to light that the ballot boxes from a particular city had been stolen, what should be done about it?
  • Is it enough to have an intention to cast a particular vote, or do you have to succeed in some sort of arts and crafts task, too?
  • How would you feel if you voted by folding a paper airplane and throwing it into one bin or another?

Three

  • How strong is the obligation to vote??
  • Should we pay people to vote.
  • Should we punish them if they don�t?
  • Should people who are involuntarily hospitalized on their way to the polling place be given a second chance?
  • Is it their fault for not voting?
  • Should people save the life of a child caught on the railroad tracks if it would take up so much time that they wouldn�t be able to make it to the polls before they closed?
  • What if it were a puppy dog instead?
  • A snail?
  • Should you vote if it means taking off early from work?
  • If it means losing your job because you took off early from work?
  • Is it better to vote yourself or to drive two stuck-at-home seniors to the polls?

Four

  • On what principles should you vote?
  • How should you weight various issues in making your choice?
  • Should those issues be different for different people?
  • Is it morally acceptable to vote your pocketbook?
  • If you think that people should (or should not) be allowed to hit their parents with planks, is it okay to cast your vote based soleley on a politician�s stance on the issue?
  • Is it possible to vote irresponsibly?
  • If so, what would voting "irresponsibly" mean?
  • Is it irresponsible to vote for the candidate with better teeth?
  • To vote by flipping a coin?
  • Is it okay to vote for a candidate who has no hope of winning, to "send a signal"?
  • Is it okay to vote for a ficus tree?
  • To vote without watching the debates or reading up on the candidates?
  • Was it ethical for Democrats to vote for McCain in the 2000 Republican primaries?
  • What if they really wanted him to win the overall election?

Five

  • Is voting enough?
  • What about all those other things political theorists are always jabbering about?
  • Is there an obligation to tell other people what you think?
  • How loudly?
  • Are you a bad person if you don�t submit op-eds to your town newspaper?
  • If your answer to the previous question was "no," what if nobody did?
  • Bob Putnam says that if you were a real citizen, you�d go join a bowling league; should you?
  • Is it okay to brainwash people?
  • What about bribing them?
  • Cornering them in an airport until they run away?

Six

  • Is it okay to spend money to influence an election?
  • Is it right that Mike Bloomberg could spend millions and millions of dollars of his own money to become mayor?
  • That Mark Green could spend millions and millions of other rich people�s money to not become mayor?
  • Are you doing something bad when you send ten dollars to your cousin who�s running for dog-catcher?
  • Ten thousand dollars?
  • Would it make a difference if you sent in the money anonymously?
  • Does it matter how the money is spent?
  • Are attack ads better or worse than overnight polls?

Seven

  • If you could subvert the political process, would you?
  • If lobbyist friend offers to make any bill you want die in committee, is it wrong to take him up on the offer?
  • What if it�s a leprechaun instead of a lobbyist?
  • What if he offered to do it for ten thousand dollars? Does it make a difference if it�s a spending bill or a bill about family planning policy?
  • Your local beat police chief offers not to enforce the no-hitting-your-parents-with-planks law if you slip him a twenty -- should you?
  • Conversely, if he doesn't want to enforce the planks ordinance, do you have an obligation to make him enforce it?
  • Is it ever right to take the law into your own hands?
  • What if he and everyone else in your town � even the parents � agree that a little plank action is good now and then, but the feds just seem to disagree?
  • Would your answer change if it were polygamy instead of hitting parents with planks?
  • Assisted suicide?
  • Abortion?
  • Child pornography?
  • Is it wrong to vote for a local dog-catcher candidate who promises to subvert the wrongheaded federal dog-catching statute?
  • Is "subvert" even the right term to describe these interactions with the political process?

Eight

  • What counts as fair play?
  • If you surround Congress with tanks and it passes your bill, does it count?
  • In what sense(s)?
  • What if you surrounded their families with tanks?
  • Is that different from surrounding some random people in some other country with tanks?
  • What if you�re just fighting for independence from the warlords who control your country and you won�t stop fighting until the US government extends you diplomatic recognition?
  • Was it wrong for Roosevelt to try to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court?
  • Does it matter to your answer that the Supreme Court's size fluctuated in the nineteenth century?
  • Was the Supreme Court on okay ground deciding Bush v. Gore?
  • What if they decided to unseat Bush now and put Gore in instead?
  • Was it okay for them to order Congress to seat Adam Clayton Powell?
  • What if they decided to order Congress to unseat Fritz Hollings because they don�t like the cut of his jib?
  • Would your answer change if Hollings were convicted of mail fraud?
  • Second-degree murder?
  • What, precisely do you think �high crimes and misdemeanors� are?
  • Who should get to decide what they are?
  • Is this the sort of thing you could put to a vote?
  • What, if anything, would be wrong with a constitutional amendment saying that Joe Lieberman should be drawn and quartered and his children declared anathema unto the seventh generation, assuming it was passed and ratified according to Hoyle?

Nine

  • When is it ethically defensible to break a democratically-decided law?
  • If the state legislature says it�s illegal to teach slaves to read, what do you do?
  • Would it matter if it were a voter initiative that enacted the law?
  • If you think that slaves should be literate and choose to break the law, would you teach them to read publicly, or in secret?
  • Should you fight those who attempt to enforce the law?
  • What about trying to get them in trouble by tricking them into overstepping their boundaries as they enforce it?
  • Hunger strikes?
  • How about paying your taxes?
  • What�s the difference between good respectable business expense deductions and bad evil offshore tax haven deductions?
  • Is it okay to avoid taxes if your money is being spent on orbital mind-control lasers?
  • What if it�s only a tiny fraction of your money?
  • What if you object to your tax money being used to fund an expensive new stadium for the football team you don�t even like, anyway?

Ten

  • How far do our obligations go in respecting other people�s systems of government?
  • What if they don�t let women vote?
  • If they board American ships on the high seas and press sailors into their navy?
  • If they harbor terrorists?
  • Which of these things would justify interfering with their system in any of the ways listed above?
  • In which ways?
  • Is it okay to rig elections?
  • To tell them that the bombing will continue until they pass the laws we want?
  • Is it more important to promote democracy or other interests?
  • Should you pardon human rights criminals if it�ll mean they�ll give up their undemocratic hold on power?
  • Can a population lose the right to self-determination?
  • What would it take?
  • How could they get it back?
  • What do you do when Germany elects a Hitler?
  • When Algeria elects an Islamic fundamentalist party and the military steps in to keep them from taking power?
  • What if the Islamists had promised to suspend democracy in their platform?
  • And in any case where you said �yes, we can do that to them,� would you also be okay with them doing it to us?

Meta

  • Aren't all of these questions really the same question, deep down?
  • What are the ethical obligations of living in a democracy?